Seminars in Perinatology
Volume 32, Issue 5 , Pages 344-349 , October 2008

Perinatal Arterial Stroke in the Preterm Infant

  • Manon J.N.L. Benders, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Floris Groenendaal, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Cuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Linda S. de Vries, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Linda S. de Vries, MD, PhD, Department of Neonatology, KE 04.123.1, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands

References 

  1. Estan J, Hope P. Unilateral neonatal cerebral infarction in full term infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;76:F88–F93
  2. Lee J, Croen LA, Backstrand KH, et al. Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the infant. JAMA. 2005;293:723–729
  3. Cowan F, Rutherford M, Groenendaal F, et al. Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy. Lancet. 2003;361:736–742
  4. Miller SP, Ramaswamy V, Michelson D, et al. Patterns of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 2005;146:453–460
  5. Lee J, Croen LA, Backstrand KH, et al. Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the infant. JAMA. 2005;293:723–729
  6. Golomb MR, MacGregor DL, Domi T, et al. Presumed pre- or perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: risk factors and outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2001;50:163–168
  7. Benders MJNL, Groenendaal F, Uiterwaal CSPM, et al. Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the preterm infant. Stroke. 2007;38:1759–1765
  8. Raju TN, Nelson KB, Ferriero D, et al. NICHD-NINDS Perinatal Stroke Workshop Participants: Ischemic perinatal stroke: summary of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Pediatrics. 2007;120(3):609–616
  9. deVeber G, Andrew M, Adams C, et al. Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Study Group (Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children). N Engl J Med. 2001;345(6):417–423
  10. Monagle P, Chan A, Massicotte P, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in children: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3):645S–687S
  11. Wu YW, Hamrick SE, Miller SP, et al. Intraventricular hemorrhage in term neonates caused by sinovenous thrombosis. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(1):123–126
  12. Medlock MD, Olivero WC, Hanigan WC, et al. Children with cerebral venous thrombosis diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Neurosurgery. 1992;31(5):870–876
  13. Kurnik K, Kosch A, Strater R, et al. Childhood Stroke Study Group (Recurrent thromboembolism in infants and children suffering from symptomatic neonatal arterial stroke: a prospective follow-up study). Stroke. 2003;34:2887–2892
  14. Shevell MI, Silver K, O'Gorman AM, et al. Neonatal dural sinus thrombosis. Pediatr Neurol. 1989;5(3):161–165
  15. Hellström-Westas L. Continuous electroencephalography monitoring of the preterm infant. Clin Perinatol. 2006;33(3):633C–647C
  16. Toet MC, van der Meij W, de Vries LS, et al. Comparison between simultaneously recorded amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (cerebral function monitor) and standard electroencephalogram in neonates. Pediatrics. 2002;109(5):772–779
  17. Cowan F, Mercuri E, Groenendaal F, et al. Does cranial ultrasound imaging identify arterial cerebral infarction in term neonates?. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90(3):F252–F256
  18. Abels L, Lequin M, Govaert P. Sonographic templates of newborn perforator stroke. Pediatr Radiol. 2006;36(7):663–669
  19. Mercuri E, Cowan F, Rutherford M, et al. Ischaemic and haemorrhagic brain lesions in newborns with seizures and normal Apgar scores. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonat Ed. 1995;73:F67–F74
  20. Golomb MR. Cranial ultrasonography has a low sensitivity for detecting arterial ischemic stroke in term neonates. J Child Neurol. 2003;18(2):98–103
  21. Küker W, Möhrle S, Mader I, et al. MRI for the management of neonatal cerebral infarctions: importance of timing. Childs Nerv Syst. 2004;20(10):742–748
  22. Mader I, Schöning M, Klose U, et al. Neonatal cerebral infarction diagnosed by diffusion-weighted MRI: pseudonormalization occurs early. Stroke. 2002;33(4):1142–1145
  23. Thomson GD, Teele RL. High-frequency linear array transducers for neonatal cerebral sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176(4):995–1001
  24. Lam AH. Doppler imaging of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. J Ultrasound Med. 1995;14(1):41–46
  25. Bezinque SL, Slovis TL, Touchette AS, et al. Characterization of superior sagittal sinus blood flow velocity using color flow Doppler in neonates and infants. Pediatr Radiol. 1995;25(3):175–179
  26. Connor SE, Jarosz JM. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Clin Radiol. 2002;57(6):449–461
  27. Röther J, Waggie K, van Bruggen N, et al. Experimental cerebral venous thrombosis: evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996;16(6):1353–1361
  28. Wu YW, March WM, Croen LA, et al. Perinatal stroke in children with motor impairment: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):612–619
  29. Heier LA, Carpanzano CR, Mast J, et al. Maternal cocaine abuse: the spectrum of radiologic abnormalities in the neonatal CNS. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1991;12(5):951–956
  30. Lynch JK, Pavlakis S, Deveber G. Treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular disorders in children. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2005;7(6):469–480
  31. Redline RW. Placental pathology: a systematic approach with clinical correlations. Placenta. 2007;Oct 18; [Epub ahead of print]
  32. Hunt RW, Inder TE. Perinatal and neonatal ischaemic stroke: a review. Thromb Res. 2006;118(1):39–48
  33. deVeber G, Monagle P, Chan A, et al. Prothrombotic disorders in infants and children with cerebral thromboembolism. Arch Neurol. 1998;55(12):1539–1543
  34. deVeber G, Adams M, Andrew M. Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry (Analysis III). Can J Neurol Sci. 1995;22:S24;(suppl)
  35. Pettigrew LC, Jankovic J. Hemidystonia: a report of 22 patients and a review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985;48:650–657
  36. deVeber G. Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis. J Child Neurol. 2000;15(5):316–324
  37. Mercuri E. Early diagnostic and prognostic indicators in full term infants with neonatal cerebral infarction: an integrated clinical, neuroradiological and EEG approach. Minerva Pediatr. 2001;53(4):305–311
  38. Ricci S, Celani MG, Righetti E, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism after acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet. 2007;370(9589):735–7361: author reply 736-737
  39. Sreenan C, Bhargava R, Robertson CM. Cerebral infarction in the term newborn: clinical presentation and long-term outcome. J Pediatr. 2000;137(3):351–355
  40. Golomb MR, Garg BP, Carvalho KS, et al. Perinatal stroke and the risk of developing childhood epilepsy. J Pediatr. 2007;151(4):409–413413.e1-413.e2
  41. De Vries LS, Groenendaal F, van Haastert IC, et al. Asymmetrical myelination of the posterior limb of the internal capsule in infants with periventricular haemorrhagic infarction: an early predictor of hemiplegia. Neuropediatrics. 1999;30(6):314–319

PII: S0146-0005(08)00085-2

doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2008.07.003

Seminars in Perinatology
Volume 32, Issue 5 , Pages 344-349 , October 2008